English

Imidazolium-Based Materials for CO₂ Electroreduction

• Qiang Zhang ^{1, 3,} ,
• Yuanbiao Huang ^{1, 2, 4, ,} ,
• Rong Cao ^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,}

• 1.

  State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China

• 2.

  Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China

• 3.

  Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China

• 4.

  University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: Email: ybhuang@fjirsm.ac.cn (Y.H.); Tel.: +86-591-63001407 (Y.H.); Email: rcao@fjirsm.ac.cn (R.C.). Tel.: +86-591-63173998 (R.C.)

• Received Date: 26 June 2023
  Accepted Date: 28 July 2023
  Revised Date: 28 July 2023
  Available Online: 15 April 2024
• Fund Project:

  the National Key Research and Development Program of China 

  the National Natural Science Foundation of China 

  the National Natural Science Foundation of China 

  the National Natural Science Foundation of China 

  the National Natural Science Foundation of China 

  the Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China 

Abstract: With the increasing use of fossil energy sources, the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere is rising, leading to environmental challenges. However, the conversion of CO₂ into high value-added chemicals through catalysis presents an opportunity to address these issues and create a new pathway for fuel synthesis, ultimately helping to reduce CO₂ emissions and achieve carbon neutrality. Among various methods, the CO₂ electroreduction reaction (CO₂RR) using renewable clean energy has garnered significant attention due to its mild reaction conditions, controlled reactions progress, environmental friendliness, and numerous value-added products it can yield. In this context, imidazolium-based materials and their derivatives have emerged as promising candidates for CO₂RR. These materials have a strong affinity for CO₂ and find applications as both electrolytes and electrocatalysts in CO₂RR systems. So one of their key advantages, especially Im-ILs, is their ability to enrich CO₂ in catalytic systems, effectively preventing the undesired hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and enhancing the selectivity towards CO₂RR products. Understanding the interaction mechanism between imidazolium-based ionic liquids (Im-ILs) and CO₂ molecules under electrocatalytic conditions is crucial for gaining deeper insights into why the addition of Im-ILs can improve CO₂RR performance from a molecular perspective. Furthermore, Im-ILs can serve as both surface modifier groups and trapping agents in heterogeneous electrocatalysts, which can significantly alter the surface environment and hydrophobicity of the catalysts, leading to improved CO₂RR. Notably, the imidazolium groups present in Lehn-type and metal-porphyrin molecular catalysts have been found to have an impact on the performance of these catalysts in CO₂RR. Lastly, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based electrocatalysts, as one of the active forms of imidazolium interaction with CO₂, have demonstrated exceptional performance. When introduced into porous heterogeneous catalysts and molecular catalysts, NHC-based electrocatalysts stabilize metal nanoparticles and enhance the ability to capture CO₂, thus promoting CO₂RR activity. In summary, the utilization of imidazolium-based materials in CO₂RR holds great promise for advancing the field of CO₂ conversion and achieving more sustainable and efficient processes for high-value chemical synthesis.

Key words:
• CO₂ electroreduction
•  /  Ionic liquids
•  /  Imidazolium
•  /  N-heterocyclic carbene
•  /  Metal nanoparticles

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