加热和加热仪器使用操作规范建议(二)——直接加热与电炉、电热板、电陶炉、电磁加热搅拌器和电热套的使用

引用本文: 章文伟, 阮婵姿, 王翊如, 曾秀琼, 宋娟娟, 范永仙, 刘冬成, 任艳平, 赵发琼, 石梅, 胡敏, 李婉, 王秀云, 李维红, 邱晓航, 范勇, 张剑荣, 张树永. 加热和加热仪器使用操作规范建议(二)——直接加热与电炉、电热板、电陶炉、电磁加热搅拌器和电热套的使用[J]. 大学化学, 2026, 41(3): 154-162. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507035 shu

Citation: Wenwei Zhang, Chanzi Ruan, Yiru Wang, Xiuqiong Zeng, Juanjuan Song, Yongxian Fan, Dongcheng Liu, Yanping Ren, Faqiong Zhao, Mei Shi, Min Hu, Wan Li, Xiuyun Wang, Weihong Li, Xiaohang Qiu, Yong Fan, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang. Suggestions on Heating and Heating Instruments (Part II): Direct Heating and the Use of Electric Furnace, Hot Plates, Ceramic Hot Plates, Electromagnetic Heating Stirrers and Heating Mantles[J]. University Chemistry, 2026, 41(3): 154-162. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507035 shu

加热和加热仪器使用操作规范建议(二)——直接加热与电炉、电热板、电陶炉、电磁加热搅拌器和电热套的使用

章文伟 ^1, ,
阮婵姿 ^2, ,
王翊如 ^2, ,
曾秀琼 ^3, ,
宋娟娟 ^4, ,
范永仙 ^5, ,
刘冬成 ^6, ,
任艳平 ^{2,
,} ,
赵发琼 ^7, ,
石梅 ^8, ,
胡敏 ^9, ,
李婉 ^10, ,
王秀云 ^11, ,
李维红 ^12, ,
邱晓航 ^13, ,
范勇 ^14, ,
张剑荣 ^{1,
,} ,
张树永 ^{15,
,}

1.
南京大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南京大学), 南京 210023;
2.
厦门大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(厦门大学), 福建厦门 361005;
3.
浙江大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江大学), 杭州 310058;
4.
内蒙古民族大学化学与材料学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(内蒙古民族大学), 内蒙古通辽 028000;
5.
浙江工业大学化学工程学院, 化学化工国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江工业大学), 杭州 310014;
6.
广西师范大学化学与药学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(广西师范大学), 广西桂林 541004;
7.
武汉大学化学与分子科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(武汉大学), 武汉 430072;
8.
复旦大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(复旦大学), 上海 200433;
9.
西安交通大学化学学院, 西安 710049;
10.
中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(中国科学技术大学), 合肥 230026;
11.
大连理工大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(大连理工大学), 辽宁大连 116024;
12.
北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京大学), 北京 100871;
13.
南开大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南开大学), 天津 300071;
14.
吉林大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(吉林大学), 长春 130012;
15.
山东大学化学与化工学院, 济南 250100

通讯作者: 任艳平,E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn; 张剑荣,E-mail:jrzhang@nju.edu.cn; 张树永,E-mail:syzhang@sdu.edu.cn

基金项目:
教育部虚拟教研室建设试点项目；教育部高校教师教学组织和教学发展体系建设研究项目

摘要: 加热是化学实验中最常见、最基本的操作之一，不仅可用于溶解、蒸发、干燥、杀菌、灭菌等基础操作，还可加快反应速率，促进化学平衡移动、物质相态转变(如升华)，同时用于调控反应条件(如温度依赖性合成)或实现分离纯化(如蒸馏)等。加热方式多样(主要包括直接加热和间接加热)、加热仪器种类繁多。能根据具体实验条件和加热对象、目的、场景和要求，科学选用不同的加热方法和加热仪器并能进行规范操作是有关实验人员的基本素养，对安全、高效完成实验以及得到科学的实验结果和可靠的实验数据具有重要意义。本文主要介绍直接加热及实验室常用于直接加热的电炉、电热板、电陶炉、电磁加热搅拌器和电热套的正确使用及其注意事项，以期为从事化学实验学习、教学和研究的学生、教师及其他相关人员提供参考。

关键词:

English

Suggestions on Heating and Heating Instruments (Part II): Direct Heating and the Use of Electric Furnace, Hot Plates, Ceramic Hot Plates, Electromagnetic Heating Stirrers and Heating Mantles

1.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nanjing University), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
2.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Xiamen University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China;
3.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Zhejiang University), Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
4.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Inner Mongolia Minzu University), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;
5.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education (Zhejiang University of Technology), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
6.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Guangxi Normal University), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China;
7.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
8.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Fudan University), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
9.
School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China;
10.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
11.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Dalian University of Technology), School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China;
12.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Peking University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
13.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
14.
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Jilin University), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
15.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China

Corresponding author: Yanping Ren, ; Jianrong Zhang, ; Shuyong Zhang,

Received Date: 03 July 2025
Accepted Date: 21 July 2025
Available Online: 27 October 2025

Abstract: Heating is one of the most common and fundamental operations in chemical experiments. It is not only used for basic procedures such as dissolution, evaporation, drying, sterilization, and disinfection but also serves to accelerate reaction rates, promote chemical equilibrium shifts or phase transitions (e.g., sublimation), and regulate reaction conditions (e.g., temperature-dependent synthesis) or achieve separation and purification (e.g., distillation). With diverse heating methods (mainly including direct heating and indirect heating) and a wide variety of heating instruments, the ability to scientifically select appropriate heating methods and equipment based on specific experimental conditions, heating objects, purposes, scenarios, and requirements, and to operate them properly, is a basic quality for laboratory personnel. This proficiency is critical for ensuring safe, efficient experiments and obtaining scientifically valid results and reliable data. This article focuses on direct heating and the correct usage and precautions for common electrically powered laboratory heating devices, including electric furnace, electric heating plates, electric ceramic hot plates, electromagnetic heating stirrers and electric heating mantles. It aims to provide suggestions for students, instructors, and researchers engaged in chemical experimentation, teaching, and research.

Key words:

1. [1]
  任艳平, 王翊如. 大学化学实验. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2025: 51-56.
2. [2]
  高绍康，陈建中. 基础化学实验. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2013: 67-71.
3. [3]
  范勇, 董志强, 刘冬成, 李婉, 王薇, 宋娟娟, 范永仙, 曾秀琼, 章文伟, 赵发琼, 等. 大学化学, 2026, 41 (3), 143.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
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加热和加热仪器使用操作规范建议(二)——直接加热与电炉、电热板、电陶炉、电磁加热搅拌器和电热套的使用

通讯作者: 任艳平,E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn; 张剑荣,E-mail:jrzhang@nju.edu.cn; 张树永,E-mail:syzhang@sdu.edu.cn

English

Suggestions on Heating and Heating Instruments (Part II): Direct Heating and the Use of Electric Furnace, Hot Plates, Ceramic Hot Plates, Electromagnetic Heating Stirrers and Heating Mantles

Corresponding author: Yanping Ren, ; Jianrong Zhang, ; Shuyong Zhang,

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

中国化学会秘书处

加热和加热仪器使用操作规范建议(二)——直接加热与电炉、电热板、电陶炉、电磁加热搅拌器和电热套的使用

通讯作者: 任艳平,E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn; 张剑荣,E-mail:jrzhang@nju.edu.cn; 张树永,E-mail:syzhang@sdu.edu.cn

English

Suggestions on Heating and Heating Instruments (Part II): Direct Heating and the Use of Electric Furnace, Hot Plates, Ceramic Hot Plates, Electromagnetic Heating Stirrers and Heating Mantles

Corresponding author: Yanping Ren, ; Jianrong Zhang, ; Shuyong Zhang,

CCS Chemistry：嵌段共聚物自组装成 “三明治”二维有机材料，实现纳米级压力传感功能

CCS Chemistry：颜徐州、鲍哲南： 你的皮肤可能是一片SPMs

CCS Chemistry：工作高效不疲劳，只须让催化剂动起来

CCS Chemistry：静电组装导向聚合- 聚电解质纳米凝胶量化制备新策略

CCS Chemistry：金黄色葡萄球菌醛基脱氢酶是如何识别特异性底物的？

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

中国化学会秘书处

CCS Chemistry：颜徐州、鲍哲南：你的皮肤可能是一片SPMs