Citation: Bakr Ahmed Taha, Ali J. Addie, Luai Farhan Zghair Kolie, Saba Talib Wahhab, Sinan Adnan Abdulateef, Adawiya J. Haider, Khalid Ibnaouf, Norhana Arsad. Advancements in nanophotonics and smart nanomaterials integrated with artificial intelligence-driven gene editing: A paradigm shift in cancer diagnosis and therapeutic[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(4): 111955. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111955 shu

Advancements in nanophotonics and smart nanomaterials integrated with artificial intelligence-driven gene editing: A paradigm shift in cancer diagnosis and therapeutic

a.
Photonics Technology Lab, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
b.
Al-imam University College, Balad 00964, Iraq
c.
Center of Industrial Applications and Materials Technology, Scientific Research Commission, Baghdad 00964, Iraq
d.
Medical College, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad 1556, Iraq
e.
College of Medicine, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad 1556, Iraq
f.
Applied Sciences Department/Laser Science and Technology Branch, University of Technology, Baghdad 00964, Iraq
g.
Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia

dra@ukm.edu.my

ali.jaddie@yahoo.com

Received Date: 17 August 2025
Revised Date: 10 October 2025
Accepted Date: 13 October 2025
Available Online: 14 October 2025

Figures(6)

Traditional cancer therapies are limited by side effects and damage to healthy tissues, while modern targeted treatments face challenges such as drug resistance and restricted applicability across cancer types. Early diagnosis also remains difficult, as many methods lack the sensitivity and specificity needed to reliably detect small, early-stage tumors. This review explores hybrid nanomaterial-based delivery systems, such as lipid–gold nanoparticle composites combined with polymeric nanocarriers, to improve the precision and efficacy of gene therapy. Advances in nanotechnology are highlighted for their ability to augment gene-editing tools including RNA interference and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), supported by techniques like optical tweezers, plasmonics, fluorescence imaging, and metamaterials. Nanophotonics in particular offers ultra-sensitive molecular imaging and real-time biomarker detection, underscoring its value for early cancer diagnosis. Artificial intelligence further strengthens these approaches by optimizing nanocarrier design, predicting therapeutic outcomes, and guiding personalized treatment strategies. Machine learning and deep learning platforms enable efficient analysis of complex genomic and clinical datasets, improving predictive accuracy and therapeutic customization. The review also outlines molecular mechanisms of gene therapy, from editing to expression, and addresses barriers to clinical translation, such as data integration, model validation, and regulatory considerations. Combining nanotechnology, artificial intelligence (AI), and gene-editing advances holds promise for more effective, targeted, and minimally invasive cancer treatments. These integrated strategies support earlier detection, enhance therapeutic precision, and provide a framework for translating experimental breakthroughs into clinical applications that better align with the goals of personalized medicine.
- Gene therapy,
- Nanocarriers,
- Artificial intelligence,
- Personalized medicine,
- CRISPR/Cas9
1. [1]
  D. Cross, J.K. Burmester, Clin. Med. Res. 4 (2006) 218–227. doi: 10.3121/cmr.4.3.218
2. [2]
  B.A. Taha, A.J. Addie, A.J. Haider, A. Norhana, Bionanoscience 15 (2025) 268. doi: 10.1007/s12668-025-01876-9
3. [3]
  Y. Li, X. Zhang, Z. Xiang, et al., JAMA Netw. Open 6 (2023) E2328352. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.28352
4. [4]
  S. Kerpel-Fronius, V. Baroutsou, S. Becker, R. Carlesi, et al., Front. Med. 7 (2020) 608249. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.608249
5. [5]
  B.A. Taha, A.C. Kadhim, A.J. Addie, et al., ACS Chem. Neurosci. 16 (2025) 895–907. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00809
6. [6]
  B.A. Taha, Z.M. Abdulrahm, A.J. Addie, et al., Talanta 287 (2025) 127693. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.127693
7. [7]
  B.A. Taha, A.J. Addie, E.M. Abbas, et al., J. Photochem. Photobiol. C: Photochem. Rev. 60 (2024) 100678.
8. [8]
  B.A. Taha, A.J. Addie, S. Chahal, et al., J. Biotechnol. 400 (2025) 29–47. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.02.005
9. [9]
  N.D. Germain, W.K. Chung, P.D. Sarmiere, Mol. Aspects Med. 91 (2023) 101148. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101148
10. [10]
  J. Xue, K. Chen, H. Hu, S.C.B. Gopinath, Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 69 (2022) 1166–1175. doi: 10.1002/bab.2193
11. [11]
  B. Cesur-Ergün, D. Demir-Dora, J. Gene Med. 25 (2023) e3550. doi: 10.1002/jgm.3550
12. [12]
  J. Cehajic-Kapetanovic, J. Birtel, M.E. McClements, et al., JAMA Netw. Open 2 (2019) e195752. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5752
13. [13]
  E.C.B. Eskes, C.R.L. Beishuizen, E.M. Corazolla, et al., Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 17 (2022) 383. doi: 10.1186/s13023-022-02543-y
14. [14]
  B.A. Taha, A.J. Addie, A.J. Haider, et al., Langmuir 40 (2024) 23549–23561. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c03513
15. [15]
  A.A. Rizvanov, Pers. Psychiatry Neurol. 3 (2023) 3–6. doi: 10.52667/2712-9179-2023-3-1-3-6
16. [16]
  O.L. Aiyegbusi, K. Macpherson, L. Elston, et al., Nat. Commun. 11 (2020) 6265. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20096-1
17. [17]
  S.R. Weaver, E.L. Taylor, E.L. Zars, et al., J. Bone Miner. Res. 36 (2021) 2100–2101.
18. [18]
  J.T. Bulcha, Y. Wang, H. Ma, P.W.L. Tai, G. Gao, Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 6 (2021) 53. doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00487-6
19. [19]
  D. Desai, H. Panchal, S. Patel, K. Nayak, Int. J. Adv. Res. 8 (2020) 1127–1132. doi: 10.21474/ijar01/11943
20. [20]
  I. Ates, T. Rathbone, C. Stuart, P. Hudson Bridges, R.N. Cottle, Genes 11 (2020) 1113. doi: 10.3390/genes11101113
21. [21]
  T.W. Chan, T. Fu, J.H. Bahn, et al., Genome Biol. 21 (2020) 268. doi: 10.1186/s13059-020-02171-4
22. [22]
  S. Wu, Q. Xue, X. Qin, et al., Genes 14 (2023) 919. doi: 10.3390/genes14040919
23. [23]
  N.I. Vlachogiannis, A. Gatsiou, D.A. Silvestris, et al., J. Autoimmun. 106 (2020) 102329. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102329
24. [24]
  A. Pillai, V. Verma, S. Galande, BioEssays 47 (2024) 2400186.
25. [25]
  X. Liu, J. Jiang, J. Liu, et al., Adv. Healthc. Mater. 13 (2024) 2400645. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202400645
26. [26]
  D. Wang, F. Zhang, G. Gao, Cell 181 (2020) 136–150. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.023
27. [27]
  S. Zhang, J. Shen, D. Li, Y. Cheng, Theranostics 11 (2020) 614–648.
28. [28]
  H. Wan, W. Qian, B. Wei, et al., Front. Neurosci. 18 (2024) 1499025. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1499025
29. [29]
  X. Wu, J. Yang, J. Zhang, Y. Song, MedComm 5 (2024) e639. doi: 10.1002/mco2.639
30. [30]
  D.A. Amado, B.L. Davidson, Mol. Ther. 29 (2021) 3345–3358. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.008
31. [31]
  F. Locatelli, A.A. Thompson, J.L. Kwiatkowski, et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 386 (2022) 415–427. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa2113206
32. [32]
  B.A. Taha, I.A. Al-Tahar, A.J. Addie, et al., Appl. Mater. Today 38 (2024) 102229. doi: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102229
33. [33]
  R.R. Letfullin, T.F. George, Introduction to cancer therapy and detection by plasmonic nanoparticles, in: Computational Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology, Springer, Cham, 2016, pp. 133–182.
34. [34]
  H.N. Wang, B.M. Crawford, S.J. Norton, T. Vo-Dinh, J. Phys. Chem. B 123 (2019) 10245–10251. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06804
35. [35]
  R.A. Odion, Y. Liu, T. Vo-Dinh, Cancers 14 (2022) 5737. doi: 10.3390/cancers14235737
36. [36]
  E. Spyratou, Front. Phys. 10 (2022) 812192. doi: 10.3389/fphy.2022.812192
37. [37]
  L. Fu, C. Te Lin, H. Karimi-Maleh, F. Chen, S. Zhao, Biosensors 13 (2023) 977. doi: 10.3390/bios13110977
38. [38]
  D.N. Moorthy, D. Dhinasekaran, P.N.B. Rebecca, A.R. Rajendran, J. Biophotonics 17 (2024) e202400243. doi: 10.1002/jbio.202400243
39. [39]
  A. Karimian, K. Azizian, H. Parsian, et al., J. Cell. Physiol. 234 (2019) 12267–12277. doi: 10.1002/jcp.27972
40. [40]
  A.K. Abosalha, P. Islam, J.L. Boyajian, et al., J. Cancer Biomol. Ther. 1 (2024) 29–37.
41. [41]
  R. Arshad, I. Fatima, S. Sargazi, et al., Nanomaterials 11 (2021) 3330. doi: 10.3390/nano11123330
42. [42]
  C. del Real Mata, O. Jeanne, M. Jalali, Y. Lu, S. Mahshid, Adv. Healthc. Mater. 12 (2023) 2202123. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202202123
43. [43]
  O. Calvo-Lozano, P. García-Aparicio, L.Z. Raduly, et al., Anal. Chem. 94 (2022) 14659–14665. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02895
44. [44]
  H. Wu, S. Ou, H. Zhang, et al., Cancer Cell Int. 22 (2022) 220. doi: 10.1186/s12935-022-02640-9
45. [45]
  B. Yin, W.K.H. Ho, X. Xia, et al., Small 19 (6) (2023) 2206762. doi: 10.1002/smll.202206762
46. [46]
  X. Lu, C. Yao, L. Sun, Z. Li, Biosens. Bioelectron. 203 (2022) 114041. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114041
47. [47]
  N. Sharma, A.D. Ankalgi, U. Thakur, M.S. Ashawat, N. Sharma, J. Drug Deliv. Ther. 12 (2022) 192–198.
48. [48]
  E. Avci, H. Yilmaz, N. Sahiner, et al., Cancers 14 (20) (2022) 5021. doi: 10.3390/cancers14205021
49. [49]
  H. Tiwari, N. Rai, S. Singh, et al., Bioengineering 10 (2023) 760. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10070760
50. [50]
  J. Kim, D.R. Wilson, C.G. Zamboni, J.J. Green, J. Drug Target. 23 (2015) 627–641. doi: 10.3109/1061186X.2015.1048519
51. [51]
  J.A. Barreto, W. O’Malley, M. Kubeil, et al., Adv. Mater. 23 (2011) H18–H40.
52. [52]
  P. Zhang, G. Ye, G. Xie, et al., Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 11 (2023) 1240529. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1240529
53. [53]
  N. Daems, B. Verlinden, K. Van Hoecke, et al., J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 16 (2020) 985–996. doi: 10.1166/jbn.2020.2928
54. [54]
  P. Gao, W. Pan, N. Li, B. Tang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 (2019) 26529–26558. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b01370
55. [55]
  H. Kang, S. Hu, M.H. Cho, et al., Nano Today 23 (2018) 59–72. doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2018.11.001
56. [56]
  Y. Mei, R. Wang, W. Jiang, et al., Biomater. Sci. 7 (2019) 2640–2651. doi: 10.1039/c9bm00214f
57. [57]
  R. Singh, S. Kumar, Nanomaterials 12 (2022) 2283. doi: 10.3390/nano12132283
58. [58]
  N. Rashidi, M. Davidson, V. Apostolopoulos, K. Nurgali, J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 95 (2024) 105599. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2024.105599
59. [59]
  S. Trigueros, Res. Med. Eng. Sci. 6 (2018) RMES.000633.2018.
60. [60]
  D. Kasala, A.R. Yoon, J. Hong, S.W. Kim, C.O. Yun, Nanomedicine 11 (2016) 1689–1713. doi: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0060
61. [61]
  P.E. Monahan, C. Négrier, M. Tarantino, L.A. Valentino, F. Mingozzi, J. Clin. Med. 10 (2021) 2471. doi: 10.3390/jcm10112471
62. [62]
  F. Mingozzi, K.A. High, Blood 122 (2013) 23–36. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-01-306647
63. [63]
  D. Sharon, A. Kamen, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 115 (2018) 25–40. doi: 10.1002/bit.26461
64. [64]
  V. Chaudhary, B.A. Taha, Lucky, et al., ACS Sens. 9 (2024) 4469–4494. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01524
65. [65]
  B.A. Taha, A.J. Addie, A.C. Kadhim, et al., Microchim. Acta 191 (2024) 250. doi: 10.1007/s00604-024-06314-3
66. [66]
  R.M. Mat Yeh, B.A. Taha, N.N. Bachok, et al., Food Control 161 (2024) 110399. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110399
67. [67]
  G. Lin, R.A. Revia, M. Zhang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 31 (2021) 2007096. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202007096
68. [68]
  D. Fan, Y. Cao, M. Cao, et al., Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 8 (2023) 293. doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01536-y
69. [69]
  Z. Lin, W.C. Chou, Y.H. Cheng, et al., Int. J. Nanomedicine 17 (2022) 1365–1379. doi: 10.2147/ijn.s344208
70. [70]
  H. Lee, Pharmaceutics 16 (2024) 1419. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16111419
71. [71]
  B.A. Taha, V. Chaudhary, S. Rustagi, et al., ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 13 (2024) 047004. doi: 10.1149/2162-8777/ad3d0a
72. [72]
  B.A. Taha, N.M. Ahmed, R.K. Talreja, et al., ACS Synth. Biol. 13 (2024) 1600–1620. doi: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00070
73. [73]
  B.A. Taha, E.M. Abbas, A.C. Kadhim, et al., Microelectron. Eng. 292 (2024) 112228. doi: 10.1016/j.mee.2024.112228
74. [74]
  O. Adir, M. Poley, G. Chen, et al., Adv. Mater. 32 (2020) 1901989. doi: 10.1002/adma.201901989
75. [75]
  S.M. Abd El-Atty, N.A. Arafa, A. Abouelazm, et al., Comput. Model. Eng. Sci. 133 (2022) 111–131.
76. [76]
  L. Qi, Z. Li, J. Liu, X. Chen, Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) e2409102. doi: 10.1002/adma.202409102
77. [77]
  M. Soltani, F.M. Kashkooli, M. Souri, et al., Cancers 13 (2021) 2481. doi: 10.3390/cancers13102481
78. [78]
  X.J. Gao, K. Ciura, Y. Ma, et al., Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) 2407793. doi: 10.1002/adma.202407793
79. [79]
  M. Bhange, D. Telange, Discov. Oncol. 16 (2025) 77. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-01821-y
80. [80]
  M.S. Islam, M.M.T.G. Manik, M. Moniruzzaman, et al., J. Posthumanism 5 (2025) 4916–4934.
81. [81]
  F. Jia, N. Feng, Q. Liu, Optimal design of carrier communication matching in internet of things based on machine learning algorithm, in: 2024 Asia-Pacific Conference on Software Engineering, Social Network Analysis and Intelligent Computing (SSAIC), New Delhi, India, 2024, pp. 819–824.
82. [82]
  S. Anuyah, M.K. Singh, H. Nyavor, World J. Adv. Res. Rev. 24 (2024) 1–25. doi: 10.1145/3661725.3661733
83. [83]
  S. Vaishali, T. Mohan, S. Navaneethan, AI-powered prediction models for cardiovascular disease risk assessment, in: 2024 7th International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I), Greater Noida, India, 2024, pp. 350–355.
84. [84]
  R. Lin, AI-driven Personalized Healthcare: leveraging multimodal data for precision medicine, in: 2024 IEEE/WIC International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT), Bangkok, Thailand, 2024, pp. 693–697.
85. [85]
  D. Ramakrishnan, L. Jekel, S. Chadha, et al., Sci. Data 11 (2024) 254. doi: 10.1038/s41597-024-03021-9
86. [86]
  T. Henser-Brownhill, L. Martin, P. Samangouei, et al., Adv. Sci. 11 (2024) 2401935. doi: 10.1002/advs.202401935
87. [87]
  A. Ortiz-Perez, D. van Tilborg, R. van der Meel, F. Grisoni, L. Albertazzi, Digit. Discov. 3 (2024) 1280–1291. doi: 10.1039/d4dd00104d
88. [88]
  S. Goswami, K.D. Dhobale, R.D. Wavhale, B. Goswami, S.S. Banerjee, Appl. AI Lett. 3 (2022) e50. doi: 10.1002/ail2.50
89. [89]
  M.E. Klontzas, K.B.W. Groot Lipman, T. Akinci D’ Antonoli, et al., Eur. Radiol. (2025), doi: 10.1007/s00330-025-11890-w. doi: 10.1007/s00330-025-11890-w
90. [90]
  H. Khude, P. Shende, Adv. Integr. Med. 12 (2025) 100529. doi: 10.1016/j.aimed.2025.100529
91. [91]
  N. Latif, R. Babe, K. Raz, et al., Front. Heal. Informatics 13 (2024) 895–901.
92. [92]
  J. Choi, I. Oh, S. Seo, J. Ahn, Sci. Rep. 8 (2018) 13729. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32180-0
93. [93]
  B. Huang, S. Zheng, B. Ma, et al., BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 22 (2022) 36. doi: 10.1109/sdpc55702.2022.9915939
94. [94]
  K. Wang, R. Yang, J. Li, et al., Front. Pharmacol. 16 (2025) 1591438. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1591438
95. [95]
  A. Khurana, P. Hartmann, World J. Gastroenterol. 31 (2025) 109105.
96. [96]
  S.Z. Alshawwa, A.A. Kassem, R.M. Farid, et al., Pharmaceutics 14 (2022) 883. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040883
97. [97]
  L. Lin, Z. Cui, S. Wang, et al., J. Theory Pract. Eng. Sci. 4 (2024) 183–190. doi: 10.53469/jtpes.2024.04(03).17
98. [98]
  E.A. Avelar, R.V.D. Jordão, Manag. Decis. 63 (2025) 3533–3556. doi: 10.1108/MD-09-2023-1625
99. [99]
  V.K. Venugopal, R. Takhar, S. Gupta, V. Mahajan, J. Med. Syst. 46 (2022) 10–15. doi: 10.1007/s10916-021-01777-w
100. [100]
  V. Sarao, D. Veritti, A. De Nardin, M. Misciagna, G. Foresti, P. Lanzetta, BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 8 (2023) e001411. doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001411
101. [101]
  S. Han, J. Wu, Smart Mater. Med. 5 (2024) 251–255.
102. [102]
  X. Zhang, Z. Zheng, L. Xie, et al., Mater. Horiz. 12 (2025) 7416–7424. doi: 10.1039/d5mh00699f
103. [103]
  D. Liu, S. Wang, H. Wang, et al., J. Mater. Chem. B 12 (2024) 6102–6116. doi: 10.1039/d4tb00809j
104. [104]
  S. Zhang, Y. Hou, Y. Huang, MedComm Biomater. Appl. 3 (2024) 2–5. doi: 10.1117/12.3040968
105. [105]
  A. Fallah, S.A. Havaei, H. Sedighian, et al., J. Mater. Chem. B 12 (2024) 8825–8842. doi: 10.1039/D4TB00909F
106. [106]
  Y. Cui, Z. Zhang, Y. Shi, Y. Hu, J. Mater. Chem. B 13 (2025) 6916–6948. doi: 10.1039/d4tb02876g
107. [107]
  Z. Huang, H. Li, J. Luo, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 110209. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110209
108. [108]
  X. Xue, K. Chen, H. Sun, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 110968. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110968
109. [109]
  S. Zhang, J. Zhang, X. Fan, et al., Int. J. Nanomedicine 17 (2022) 3497–3507. doi: 10.2147/ijn.s372947
110. [110]
  E. Catanzaro, O. Feron, A.G. Skirtach, D.V. Krysko, Front. Immunol. 13 (2022) 925290. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.925290
111. [111]
  X. Chen, Y. Chen, H. Xin, T. Wan, Y. Ping, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 117 (2020) 2395–2405. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1912220117
112. [112]
  J. Zeng, X. Huang, Y. Yang, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 17 (2024) 701–710. doi: 10.3390/land13050701
113. [113]
  Z. Xu, Q. Wang, H. Zhong, et al., Explorationvol 2 (2022) 20210081. doi: 10.1002/EXP.20210081
114. [114]
  H.X. Wang, M. Li, C.M. Lee, et al., Chem. Rev. 117 (2017) 9874–9906. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00799
115. [115]
  H. Zu, D. Gao, AAPS J. 23 (2021) 78. doi: 10.1208/s12248-021-00608-7
116. [116]
  B. Tafech, F. Mohabatpour, S. Hedtrich, J. Gene Med. 26 (2024) e3642. doi: 10.1002/jgm.3642
117. [117]
  S. Gillella, M. Divyanjali, S. Rishitha, et al., J. Innov. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 9 (2024) 25–31.
118. [118]
  M.L. Seelam, S.R. Yarraguntla, V.K.K. Paravastu, et al., GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci. 20 (2022) 44–55. doi: 10.30574/gscbps.2022.20.1.0259
119. [119]
  A. Piperno, M.T. Sciortino, E. Giusto, et al., Int. J. Nanomedicine 16 (2021) 5981–6002. doi: 10.2147/ijn.s321329
120. [120]
  A.H. Umam, T. Alam, I. Hussain, Int. Res. J. Mod. Eng. Technol. Sci. 5 (2023) irjmets38886.
121. [121]
  F. Xu, X. Huang, Y. Wang, S. Zhou, Adv. Mater. 32 (2020) 1906745. doi: 10.1002/adma.201906745
122. [122]
  G. Lin, S. Chen, P. Mi, J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 14 (2018) 1189–1207. doi: 10.1166/jbn.2018.2546
123. [123]
  Q.V. Le, J. Suh, Y.K. Oh, AAPS J. 21 (2019) 64. doi: 10.1208/s12248-019-0333-y
124. [124]
  F. Pi, X. Deng, Q. Xue, et al., J. Nanobiotechn. 21 (2023) 90. doi: 10.1186/s12951-023-01850-1
125. [125]
  J. Wu, J. Chen, Y. Feng, et al., J. Gene Med. 21 (2019) e3088. doi: 10.1002/jgm.3088
126. [126]
  Y. Zhou, X. Ren, Z. Hou, et al., Nanoscale Horizons. 6 (2021) 120–131. doi: 10.1039/d0nh00480d
127. [127]
  J.Z. Du, H.J. Li, J. Wang, Acc. Chem. Res. 51 (2018) 2848–2856. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00195
128. [128]
  J. Yang, H.L. Lee, J.J. Yun, et al., Materials 15 (2022) 3795. doi: 10.3390/ma15113795
129. [129]
  Q. Leng, Z. Imtiyaz, M.C. Woodle, A.J. Mixson, Pharmaceutics 15 (2023) 1482. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051482
130. [130]
  T. Ma, W. Li, J. Ye, et al., Nanoscale 15 (2023) 16947–16958. doi: 10.1039/d3nr03881e
131. [131]
  Y. Cao, J. Zhu, J. Kou, et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 20 (2024) 4045–4053. doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00231
132. [132]
  N. Meher, G.W. Ashley, K.N. Bobba, et al., Adv. Healthc. Mater. 13 (2024) 2304618. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202304618
133. [133]
  N. Meher, G.W. Ashley, A.P. Bidkar, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14 (2022) 50569–50582. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c15095
134. [134]
  T. Cheng, Y. Zhang, J. Liu, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 (2018) 5296–5304. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b18137
135. [135]
  P. Mi, H. Cabral, K. Kataoka, Adv. Mater. 32 (2020) 1902604. doi: 10.1002/adma.201902604
136. [136]
  Y. Liu, Y. Hui, R. Ran, et al., Adv. Healthc. Mater. 7 (2018) 1800106. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201800106
137. [137]
  F. Luo, T. Zhong, Y. Chen, et al., Pharmaceutics 15 (2023) 2014. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15072014
138. [138]
  N. Fatima, U. Akcan, M. Kaya, et al., Nanomedicine 16 (2021) 709–720. doi: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0469
139. [139]
  R. Imani, S. Prakash, H. Vali, et al., Biomed. Res. Int. 2022 (2022) 5866361. doi: 10.1155/2022/5866361
140. [140]
  L. Palanikumar, E.S. Choi, J.Y. Oh, et al., Biomacromolecules 19 (2018) 3030–3039. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00589
141. [141]
  M. Tang, Y. Li, X. Zhang, et al., ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 5 (2022) 13854–13861. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.2c01612
142. [142]
  W. Mao, X. Yang, D. Ma, ChemNanoMat 6 (2020) 118–123. doi: 10.1002/cnma.201900577
143. [143]
  J. Cao, Y. Li, Y. Tan, et al., Polym. Chem. 15 (2023) 106–117.
144. [144]
  F. Khodabakhsh, M. Bourbour, M.T. Yaraki, et al., Molecules 27 (2022) 5418. doi: 10.3390/molecules27175418
145. [145]
  J. Tan, Q. Xu, X. Li, et al., Macromol. Rapid Commun. 39 (2018) 1700871. doi: 10.1002/marc.201700871
146. [146]
  Y. Dai, X. Chen, X. Zhang, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 40 (2019) 1800541. doi: 10.1002/marc.201800541
147. [147]
  A.A. Ali, W.H. Abuwatfa, M.H. Al-Sayah, G.A. Husseini, Nanomaterials 12 (2022) 3706. doi: 10.3390/nano12203706
148. [148]
  F. Adnane, S.M.A. Soliman, E. ElZayat, et al., Lasers Med. Sci. 339 (2024) 45.
149. [149]
  L.N. Besada, P. Peruzzo, A.M. Cortizo, M.S. Cortizo, J. Nanoparticle Res. 20 (2018) 67. doi: 10.1007/s11051-018-4169-7
150. [150]
  Q. Zhou, L. Zhang, T.H. Yang, H. Wu, Int. J. Nanomedicine 13 (2018) 2921–2942. doi: 10.2147/ijn.s158696
151. [151]
  M. Kokudeva, M. Vichev, E. Naseva, D.G. Miteva, T. Velikova, World J. Exp. Med. 14 (2024) 96042.
152. [152]
  B.A. Taha, A.C. Kadhim, A.J. Addie, et al., Microchem. J. 205 (2024) 111307. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2024.111307
153. [153]
  W. Tang, J. Liu, B. Ding, Interdiscip. Med. 1 (2023) e20220014. doi: 10.1002/INMD.20220014
154. [154]
  R. Shahbazi, G. Sghia-Hughes, J.L. Reid, et al., Nat. Mater. 18 (2019) 1124–1132. doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0385-5
155. [155]
  A. Dag, P.S.O. Ozgen, B.Z. Kurt, Z. Durmus, Turkish J. Chem. 46 (2022) 404–414. doi: 10.55730/1300-0527.3316
156. [156]
  Z. Lv, Z. Li, P. Li, et al., Small Struct. 4 (2023) 2300086. doi: 10.1002/sstr.202300086
157. [157]
  P. Singh, J. Ravishankar Univ. 37 (2024) 268–287. doi: 10.52228/jrub.2024-37-2-19
158. [158]
  X. Cun, M. Li, S. Wang, et al., Nanoscale 10 (2018) 9935–9948. doi: 10.1039/c8nr00640g
159. [159]
  S. Duan, F. Sun, P. Qiao, et al., ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 9 (2023) 1437–1449. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01179
160. [160]
  X. Yao, P. Lyu, K. Yoo, et al., J. Extracell. Vesicles 10 (2021) e12076. doi: 10.1002/jev2.12076
161. [161]
  Y. Yang, J. Xu, S. Ge, L. Lai, Front. Med. 8 (2021) 649896. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.649896
162. [162]
  B.K. Lee, Y. Yun, K. Park, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 107 (2016) 176–191. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.020
163. [163]
  S. Su, P.M. Kang, Nanomaterials 10 (2020) 656. doi: 10.3390/nano10040656
164. [164]
  B.Q.G. Le, T.L.H. Doan, Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. 15 (2023) e1874. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1874
165. [165]
  S. Wu, A.J. Fowler, C.B. Garmon, et al., BMC Cancer 18 (2018) 457. doi: 10.1007/s40242-018-7398-5
166. [166]
  D. Cao, L. Chen, Z. Zhang, et al., J. Mater. Chem. B 11 (2023) 1829–1848. doi: 10.1039/d2tb02591d
167. [167]
  M. Tekade, P. Pingale, R. Gupta, et al., Pharmaceutics 15 (2023) 735. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030735
168. [168]
  M. Raigani, Z. Eftekhari, A. Adeli, F. Kazemi-Lomedasht, Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids 36 (2025) 102666. doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2025.102666
169. [169]
  K. Mitani, Transl. Regul. Sci. 2 (2020) 100–106. doi: 10.33611/trs.2020-007
170. [170]
  B.A. Taha, A.J. Addie, M.A. Al-Rawi, et al., J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 114 (2025) 107488. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2025.107488
171. [171]
  B. Cetin, F. Erendor, Y.E. Eksi, et al., Expert Rev. Mol. Med. 27 (2025) e16. doi: 10.1017/erm.2025.10
172. [172]
  C. Ashmore-Harris, G.O. Fruhwirth, Clin. Transl. Med. 9 (2020) 15. doi: 10.1186/s40169-020-0268-z
173. [173]
  M.P.T. Ernst, M. Broeders, P. Herrero-Hernandez, et al., Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev. 18 (2020) 532–557. doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.06.022
174. [174]
  A.J. Nashwan, S.B. Hani, Contemp. Clin. Trials Commun. 36 (2023) 101223. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101223
175. [175]
  B. Carrese, G. Sanità, A. Lamberti, Cancers 14 (2022) 30–35. doi: 10.1201/9781846198403-7
176. [176]
  B.A. Taha, S.A. Abdulateef, A.J. Addie, et al., Mater. Res. Bull. 190 (2025) 113511. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113511
177. [177]
  A.C. Kadhim, A.S. Azzahrani, B.A. Taha, 3D phase profile for biological particle characterization using digital holographic microscopy, Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2024 (FiO, LS), Technical Digest Series, Optica Publishing Group, 2024 JW5A.40.
178. [178]
  B.A. Taha, M.A. Al-Rawi, A.J. Addie, et al., Microchim. Acta 192 (2025) 547. doi: 10.1007/s00604-025-07415-3
179. [179]
  N. Song, S. Li, Z. Lv, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 108134. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108134
180. [180]
  Y. Liu, S. Zhang, K. Jiang, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 110282. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110282
181. [181]
  X. Li, C. Li, C. Shi, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 110507. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110507
182. [182]
  L. Liu, Z. Zhao, F. Zou, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 111451. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111451
183. [183]
  M.K. Sarangi, L. Patel, G. Rath, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 35 (2024) 109381. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109381
184. [184]
  L. Zhao, M. Li, C. Shen, et al., Research 7 (2024) 0429. doi: 10.34133/research.0429
185. [185]
  W. Sun, Z. Gu, Sci. China Mater. 60 (2017) 511–515.
186. [186]
  F. Hejabi, M.S. Abbaszadeh, S. Taji, et al., Front. Chem. 10 (2022) 957572. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.957572
187. [187]
  T. Li, Y. Yang, H. Qi, et al., Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 8 (2023) 36. doi: 10.1117/12.2686793
188. [188]
  W. Cheng, J. Nie, N. Gao, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 27 (2017) 1704135. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201704135
189. [189]
  P. He, G. Yang, D. Zhu, et al., J. Nanobiotechnology 20 (2022) 483. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01691-4
190. [190]
  L. Gandarias, D. Faivre, ChemPlusChem 89 (2024) e202400090. doi: 10.1002/cplu.202400090
191. [191]
  S. Zhou, C. Gravekamp, D. Bermudes, K. Liu, Nat. Rev. Cancer 18 (2018) 727–743. doi: 10.1038/s41568-018-0070-z
192. [192]
  R. Omer, M.Z. Mohsin, A. Mohsin, et al., Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 10 (2022) 870675. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.870675
193. [193]
  S. Zanganeh, G. Hutter, R. Spitler, et al., Nat. Nanotechnol. 11 (2016) 986–994. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2016.168
194. [194]
  J. An, Research on the advances in the application of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in targeted diagnosis and treatment in pancreatic cancer, in: Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Social Development and Media Communication, 2022, doi: 10.2991/assehr.k.220105.152.
195. [195]
  W. Liu, A. Dong, B. Wang, H. Zhang, Adv. Sci. 8 (2021) 2003033. doi: 10.1002/advs.202003033
196. [196]
  W. Xu, K. Tamarov, L. Fan, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 (2018) 23529–23538. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b04557
197. [197]
  F. Yin, K. Hu, Y. Chen, et al., Theranostics 7 (2017) 1133–1148. doi: 10.7150/thno.17841
198. [198]
  C.F. He, S.H. Wang, Y.J. Yu, et al., Cancer Biol. Med. 13 (2016) 299–312. doi: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0052
199. [199]
  L. Li, S. Fu, C. Chen, et al., ACS Nano 10 (2016) 7094–7105. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03238
200. [200]
  C. Xu, Y. Xu, M. Yang, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 (2020) 2000177. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202000177
201. [201]
  J. Xu, W. Han, P. Yang, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 28 (2018) 1803804. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201803804
1. [1]
  Yan Liu , Yang Wang , Jiayi Zhu , Xuxian Su , Xudong Lin , Liang Xu , Xiwen Xing . Employing pH-responsive RNA triplex to control CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene manipulation in mammalian cells. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109427-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109427
2. [2]
  Yuqing Liu , Shiling Zhang , Kai Jiang , Shiyue Ding , Limei Xu , Yingqi Liu , Ting Wang , Fenfen Zheng , Weiwei Xiong , Jun-Jie Zhu . Near-infrared light responsive upconversion-DNA nanocapsules for remote-controlled CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110282-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110282
3. [3]
  Han Wu , Yumei Wang , Zekai Ren , Hailin Cong , Youqing Shen , Bing Yu . The nanocarrier strategy for crossing the blood-brain barrier in glioma therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 109996-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109996
4. [4]
  Xueyan Zhang , Jicong Chen , Songren Han , Shiyan Dong , Huan Zhang , Yuhong Man , Jie Yang , Ye Bi , Lesheng Teng . The size-switchable microspheres co-loaded with RANK siRNA and salmon calcitonin for osteoporosis therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109668-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109668
5. [5]
  Ling Yang , Min Ren , Jie Wang , Liming He , Shanshan Wu , Shuai Yang , Wei Zhao , Hao Cheng , Xiaoming Zhou , Maling Gou . A non-viral gene therapy for melanoma by staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 108822-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108822
6. [6]
  Yunxin Li , Jinghui Zhang , Jisen Chen , Feng Zhu , Zhiqiang Liu , Peng Bao , Wei Shen , Sheng Tang . Detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on artificial intelligence-assisted smartphone: A review. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109220-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109220
7. [7]
  Chenshi Lin , Chao Teng , Bingbing Li , Wei He . Anti-inflammatory drug-assisted microRNA gene therapy for effectively improving pulmonary hemodynamics. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(7): 110450-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110450
8. [8]
  Zhili Li , Qijun Wo , Dongdong Huang , Dezhong Zhou , Lei Guo , Yeqing Mao . Improving gene transfection efficiency of highly branched poly(β-amino ester)s through the in-situ conversion of inactive terminal groups. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109737-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109737
9. [9]
  Juan Tao , Jinlong Yang , Mengyu Zhao , Quangang Zhu , Zhongjian Chen , Jianping Qi . Emerging trends in permeation-enhancing technologies for oral peptide delivery. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(3): 111170-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111170
10. [10]
  Chunqing Ou , Meijia Xiao , Xinyue Zheng , Xianzhou Huang , Suleixin Yang , Yingying Leng , Xiaowei Liu , Xiuqi Liang , Linjiang Song , Yanjie You , Shaohua Yao , Changyang Gong . Programmable double-unlock nanocomplex self-supplies phenylalanine ammonia-lyase for precise phenylalanine deprivation of tumors. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109275-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109275
11. [11]
  Yating Zheng , Yulan Huang , Jing Luo , Xuqi Peng , Xiran Gui , Gang Liu , Yang Zhang . Supercritical fluid technology: A game-changer for biomacromolecular nanomedicine preparation and biomedical application. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109169-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109169
12. [12]
  Na Qin , Wenxin Guo , Fangxiu Li , Houfeng Zhang , Hong Liu , Chang Zhang , Lipiao Bao , Lei Liu , Muneerah Alomar , Siqi Zhao , Jian Zhang , Xing Lu . Recent advances in machine learning-driven discovery of alloy electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(3): 112021-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112021
13. [13]
  Jinlong Ren , Zhuang Li , Guangcun Shan , Wei Huang , Kunpeng Dou . AI-powered dissecting of carbohydrate isomers by a flexoelectric gated nanopore tweezer. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(4): 111624-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111624
14. [14]
  Ziqin Li , Kai Hao , Longwei Xiang , Huayu Tian . Cationic covalent organic framework nanocarriers integrating both efficient gene silencing and real-time gene detection. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 109943-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109943
15. [15]
  Jiliang Deng , Guoliang Shi , Zhihang Ye , Quan Xiao , Xiaoting Zhang , Lei Ren , Fangyu Yang , Miao Wang . Unveiling and swift diagnosing chronic wound healing with artificial intelligence assistance. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 110496-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110496
16. [16]
  Weijie Yang , Mansheng Chen , Chen Xu , Fujian Xu . Hydroxyl-Rich Polycations: Innovative Materials Empowering Life and Health. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(9): 332-343. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410072
17. [17]
  Qiyao Zhang , Yuting Li , Qishun Jin , Zhengwei Liu , Hongsong Chen , Jingqi Huang , Taoyi Liu , Xiaojuan Liu , Zhenghuai Tan , Shuheng Huang , Wu Dong , Zhipei Sang . Artificial intelligence-driven development of natural multi-target derivatives with BuChE inhibitory activity for treating Alzheimer’s disease. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 110964-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110964
18. [18]
  Fengjie Liu , Fansu Meng , Zhenjiang Yang , Huan Wang , Yuehong Ren , Yu Cai , Xingwang Zhang . Exosome-biomimetic nanocarriers for oral drug delivery. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109335-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109335
19. [19]
  Haoran Zhang , Yaxin Jin , Peng Kang , Sheng Zhang . The Convergence and Innovative Application of Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Research: A Case Study of Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction in the Context of the Dual-Carbon Strategy. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(9): 148-155. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412099
20. [20]
  Xiaolong Li , Changjiang Li , Chaopeng Shi , Jiarun Wang , Bei Yan , Xianjin Xiao , Tongbo Wu . CRISPR-Cas systems in DNA functional circuits: Strategies, challenges, prospects. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(7): 110507-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110507

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(126)
HTML views(9)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142