Citation: Yang Gao, Xiaocheng Wei, Jing Sun, Shaohu Ouyang. Adsorption, transformation, biodegradation and potential ecological toxicity of iron-based nanoparticles in the aqueous environment[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(4): 111600. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111600 shu

Adsorption, transformation, biodegradation and potential ecological toxicity of iron-based nanoparticles in the aqueous environment

Yang Gao ^{a, 1} ,
Xiaocheng Wei ^{b, 1} ,
Jing Sun ^{c, *,} ,
Shaohu Ouyang ^{d, *,}

a.
School of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
b.
Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
c.
Center of Eco-environmental Monitoring and Scientific Research, Administration of Ecology and Environment of Haihe River Basin and Beihai Sea Area, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of People’s Republic of China, Tianjin 300170, China
d.
Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China

sunjing@hhbhjg.mee.gov.cn

ouyangshaohu@nankai.edu.cn

Received Date: 21 February 2025
Revised Date: 10 June 2025
Accepted Date: 16 July 2025
Available Online: 16 July 2025

Figures(4)

Iron-based nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) have wide environmental applications in various areas due to their excellent physicochemical properties, and these processes also increase their release into the water environment. However, the existing literature on environmental behavior fate (e.g., sorption and transformation) and potential ecotoxicity of Fe-NPs remains limited, which is vital for understanding the Fe-NPs environmental behavior and application as a multifunctional product. In this review, the green synthesis, characterization, and environmental application of Fe-NPs are summarized. We systematically examined the impacts of Fe-NPs physicochemical properties on its adsorption, transformation (e.g., aggregation dispersion, dissolution, oxidation), and biodegradation behavior in aqueous ecosystems. Moreover, we highlight the potential ecological toxicity of Fe-NPs to aquatic organisms. Upon exposure in water environments, Fe-NPs have potential ecological toxicity on aquatic organisms (e.g., microorganisms, plants, zooplankton, and fish). The common mechanisms of Fe-NPs ecotoxicity (e.g., bioaccumulation, oxidation stress, and DNA damage) at the cellular level are presented and the remaining unclear points on nano-toxic mechanisms (e.g., metabolic disturbance, genotoxicity) are discussed. Given the unresolved issues, the substantial gaps and the environmental risk assessment of Fe-NPs require further attention in the future. This paper will provide useful information for assessing the fate and potential ecological risks associated with Fe-NPs in aquatic environments.
- Iron-based nanomaterials,
- Environmental behaviour,
- Stability,
- Potential risk,
- Water environments
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142